Critical Analysis of the Exegetes’ Opinions on the Presentation (Taqdīm) and Delay (Ta’khīr) of the Verbal Similar (Mutashābuh) Verses (Case Study: The Verses of Al-Baqarah: 58 & Al-'A'rāf: 161)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Theology faculty، Bu ali sina university. Hamedan. Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Qur’an and Hadith Sciences, University of Avicenna, Hamedan, Iran.

Abstract

Mutashābuh (similar) or “verbal similar” refers to those Qur’anic verses and phrases which have been repeated more than once in the Qur’an, with change in whole or in part. The reason for the repetition of many of these verses and phrases is based on a change in their presentation (taqdīm) and delay (ta’khīr). An example here may be two verses of al-Baqarah: 58 and al-'A'rāf: 161, which the similarity between two verses occurs in the form of a presentation and a delay.
In spite of the efforts of the exegetes to justify the presentation and delay in these verses, their opinions are criticized, for the best idea here must pay attention to the context, the descent place of the verses, and the concept of the term “prostration” (sajdah) used in both verses. As a result, it is argued that the chapter al-Baqara, in contrast to the chapter al-'A'rāf which continuously blames and rebukes the rebels and arrogant people especially Children of Israel, is to mention the God’s blessings for them and the community of the Prophet, so that the presentation of prostration that is a kind of thanksgiving, as well as all other indications, are applied in this regard.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1.  

    1. The Holy Qur’an.
    2.  ‘Abdul Bāghī MF. Al-Mu'jam al-Mufahras li 'Alfāẓ al-Qur’an al-Karīm. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Miṣrīyyah; 1364 AH.
    3. ‘Ābyārī I. Al-Mawsū’at al-Qur’anīyah. Egypt: Sij al-‘Arab Institute; 1405 AH.
    4. Al-Ghirnātī AE. Milāk al-Ta’wīl al-Qāṭi’ bidhawi al-'Ilḥād wa al-Ta'ṭīl. Research: Abdul-Ghani Muhammad Ali al-Fāsī. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah; nd.
    5. Al-Khaṭīb al-'Iskāfī Mb'A. Durrat al-Tanzīl wa Ghurrat al-Ta’wīl. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifah; 1422 AH.
    6. Al-Kirmānī MbH. Al-Burhān fī Mutashābih al-Qur’an. Al-Manṣūrah: Dar al-Wafā; 1418 AH.
    7. Al-Muṭ'anī ‘AEM. Khaṣā’iṣ al-Ta'bīr al-Qur’anī wa Samātuhu al-Bilāghīyah. Cairo: Al-Maktabat al-Wahabah; 1413 AH.
    8. Al-Sāmirāyī FṢ. Al-Ta'bīr al-Qur’anī. Jordan: Dar al-‘Ammār li-Nashr wa-Tawzī'; 1427 AH.
    9. Al-Sāmirāyī FṢ. Maānīy al-Abnīyah fil-‘Arabīyyah. Jordan: Dar al-‘Ammār li-Nashr wa-Tawzī'; 1428 AH.
    10. Babayi AA. Methodology of the Interpretation of the Qur’an. Qom: Al-Hādī; 1379 HS.
    11. Bilāghī ‘AḤ. Ḥujjat al-Tafāsīr wa Bilāgh al-'Iksīr. Qom: Hekmat; 1386 AH.
    12. Durrah MAṬ. Tafsīr al-Qur’an al-Karīm Wa 'I'rābīh-i wa Bayānihī. Beirut: Dar ibn Kathīr; 1430 AH.
    13. Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzi AAMbʻ. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr (Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb). Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī; 1420 AH, 3rd ed.
    14. Fazlullah SMH. Min Waḥy al-Qur’an Commentary. Beirut: Dar al-Malāk; 1419 AH.
    15. Ḥuwī S. Al-ʼAsās fī al-Tafsīr. Cairo: Dar al-Salam, 6th ed; 1424 AH.
    16. Ibn Abi Ḥātam ‘AbM. Tafsīr al-Qur’an al-‘Aẓīm. Ed. ʼAsʽad Muhammad al-Ţayyib. Saudi Arabia: Maktabat-u Nazār Mustafa al-Bāz, 3rd ed.
    17. Ibn ʻAShūr MṬ. Al-Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr. Beirut: Al-Ta’rikh Al-ʻArabī Institute; 1420 AH.
    18. Ibn Janī ‘U. Al-Khaṣā’iṣ. Research: ‘Abdul-Hamid Hindāwī. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah; nd, 3rd ed.
    19. Ibn Kathīr ‘Ib‘U. Tafsīr al-Qurʽān al-‘Aẓīm. Research: Muhammad Hussain Shamsuddīn. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyyah; 1429 AH.
    20. Ibn Qutaybah 'AAbM. Tafsīr-u Gharīb al-Qurʼan. Beirut: Dār wa Maktabat al-Hilāl; 1411 AH.
    21.  Javadi ‘Amuli A. The Series of the Exegetical Lessons. Qom: Isra’; 1396 HS.
    22. Kashani MF. Manhaj Al-Ṣādiqīn fī 'Ilzām al-Mukhālifīn. Tehran: Islamīyah Publications; nd.
    23. Khaṭīb ‘AK. Al-Tafsīr al-Qur’anī lil-Qur’an. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-‘Arabī; 1424 AH.
    24. Ma’rifat MH. The Qur’anic Sciences. Qom: al-Tamhid; 1386 HS, 4th ed.
    25. Moradi MH. The Indication of Taqdīm and Ta’khīr in the Negative and Positive Context. Journal of Literary Critique and Eloquence; 1395 HS, 5 (1).
    26. Najjar A. The Principles and Bases of the Qura’n Translation. Rasht: Kitab-e Mobin; 1381 HS.
    27. Rajabi M. The Method of the Interpretation of the Qur’an. Qom: Research Center of Seminary and University; 1383 HS.
    28. Rashīd Riḍā M. Tafsīr al-Qur’an al-Ḥakīm (al-Minār). Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifah; 1414 AH.
    29. Sadeqi Tehran M. Al-Furqān fī Tafsī al-Qur’an wa al-Sunnah. Qom: Islamic Culture; 1406 AH, 2nd ed.
    30. Saeidi Roshan MB. The Qur’anic Language and Its Discussions. Qom: Sobhan; 1389 HS.
    31. Saeidi Roshan MB. The Qur’anic Sciences. Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute; 1379 HS, 2nd ed.
    32. Ṣanʽānī ‘AbH. Tafsīr al-Qur’an al-‘Azīz al-Musammā Tafsīr Abdurrazzāq. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifah; 1411 AH.
    33. Shaḥātih ‘AM. Ahdāf Kull-i Sūratin wa Maqāṣiduhā. Cairo: Al-Ha’at al-Miṣrīyyah al-‘Āmmat lil-Kitāb; 1976.
    34. Ṣiddīq Hassan Khān M. Fatḥ al-Bayān fī Maqāṣid al-Qur’an. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah; 1420 Ah.
    35. Suyūṭī ‘AbAB. Mu'tarak al-'Aqrān fī 'I'jāz al-Qur’an. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-‘Arabī; nd.
    36. Ṭabarī MbJ. Jāmi’ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dār al-Ma’rifah; 1412 AH.
    37.  Ṭabāṭabāyī MH. Al-Mīzān fi Tafsīr Al-Qurʼān (Persian Translation). Qom: Teachers Community of Islamic Seminary; 1374 HS, 5th ed.
    38. Ṭabrisī FBH. Majmaʻ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʼan. Tehran: Naser Khosrow; 1372 HS, 3rd ed.
    39. Ṭanṭāwī MS. Al-Tafsīr al-wasīṭ lil Qurʼān al-Karīm. Cairo: Nahḍat Miṣr; 1997.
    40. Zarkashī Mb'A. Al-Burhan fi ‘Ulūm Al-Qur'an. Research: Yūsuf Ibn 'Abdurrahmān Mar'ashlī et al. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifah; 1410 AH.
    41. Zuḥaylī W. Al-Tafsīr al-Munīr fi al-‘Aqīdah wal-Sharī’a wal-Manhaj. Damascus: Dar al-Fikr; 1411 AH.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 05 July 2018
  • Revise Date: 09 June 2019
  • Accept Date: 09 June 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics