The semantics of the term "punishment and its qualities" in the Holy Qur'an based on the conjunction

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Persian Gulf University

2 MSc of Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Persian Gulf University

Abstract

 
Among the most important ways concerned by semantic scholars today is recognizing the meaning of the words according to their syntagmatic relations, for the verbal examination of words in the context of verses may obtain the exact sense of words. The word “'Adhāb” (عذاب: torment/punishment) refers to a punishment that is the natural result of one’s deeds; But it doesn’t indicate to the severity of punishment; However, its relationship with descriptions such as: (الیم, شدید, مهین, نکر,) etc. expresses its state and intensity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the word 'Adhāb using descriptive-analytical method based on the syntagmatic relations. It will determine the effect of these attributes on the word and the boundaries of it with various attributes. It aims to answer the question: “are various torments like (الیم, شدید, مهین, نکر) etc. different from each other?” Examining this word along with such attributes shows that the Holy Qur'an uses various attributes to express the torment of people; for example, the painful (ألیم) torment indicates the pain that has reached its limit and mostly is related to the infidels. The severe (شدید) torment refers to a severe and firm torment, like an earthquake which is severe. The humiliating (مهین) torment is specific to the sin of mockery, and the nukur (نکر) torment is an unknown punishment. Amongst, (ألیم) is the most frequent description in the Holy Qur’an, mostly referred to as the attribute of the torment of the Hereafter. It indicates that this torment is more painful and the punishment of the disbelievers is permanent.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. The Holy Quran.
  2. Ᾱlūsi SM. Rūh al-Maʻāni fī Tafsīr al-Quran al-ʻAzīm wa al-Sabʻa al-Mathānī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah; 1415 Ah.
  3. Ibn Duraid MH. Jumhara fi 'l-Lugha. Beirut: Dar al-Ilm lil Malāein; 1988.
  4. Ibn Sayedah AbI. Al-Muḥkam wa al-Muḥīṭ al-ʼAʻẓam. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah; 1421 AH.
  5. Ibn Fāris AbF. Muʻjam Maqāyīs al-Lughah. Qom: Maktab al-Aʻlām al-Islāmi; 1404 Ah.
  6. Ibn Manẓūr MbM. Lisān al- ‘Arab. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Sādir; 1414 AH.
  7. Azharī MbM. Tahdhīb al-Lughah. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʼi al-Turāth al-ʻArabī; 1421 AH.
  8. Majlisī MB. Biḥār Al-'Anwār. Beirut: Publishing and Distributing Institute; 1410 Ah.
  9. Amin Isfahani SN. Makhzan al-‘Irfan dar Tafsir al-Qur’an (Makhzan al-‘Irfan in the interpretation of Qur’an). Np: nd.
  10. Izutsu T. God and Man in the Koran. Tran: Ahmad Aram. Tehran: Sherkat Sahami Enteshar; 1982.
  11. Izutsu T. Ethical-Religious Concepts in the Qur’an. Trans. Badreei F. Tehran: Farzan-Rouz; 1999.
  12. Badī’ Ya'qūb A. Mawsū'at al-Nahw wal-Ṣarf wal-'I'rāb. 2nd p. Beirut: Dar Al-‘Ilm Lil-Malā’īn; 1985.
  13. Palmer FR. Semantics: a new outline. Tran: Kourosh Safavi. Tehran: Markaz; 1995.
  14. Jawharī IBḤ. Al-Ṣiḥāḥ: Tāj al-Lughah wa Ṣiḥāḥ al-‘Arabīyyah. Beirut: Dar al-‘Ilm lil-Malā’īn; 1376 AH.
  15. Hosseini Hamedani M. Shinning Lights in the Interpretation of the Qur’an. Tehran: Lotfi; 1404 AH.
  16. Hamayrī NiS.  Shams al-‘Ulūm wa Dawā’ Kalām al-‘Arab min al-Kulūm. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr; 1420 AH.
  17. Rāghib Isfahāni HBM. Al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb Al-Qur’an. Tehran: np; 1995.
  18. Rezaei R and Fatahizadeh F. Semantics of 'Iḥbāṭ in the Holy Qur’an with Emphasis on Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Relationships. Research on Qur’anic Interpretation 2016; 3(1): 25-1.
  19. Rukei M and Nosrati Sh. Application of Semantic Fields in the Qur’an. Qom: Dar Al-Hadith; 2017.
  20. Zamakhsharī MbʻU. Asās al-Balāghah. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir; 1979.
  21. Shah Abdolazimi H. The Commentary of 'Ithnā ‘Asharī. Tehran: Miqat; 1984.
  22. Sharifi A. Semantics of the Qur’an according to Orientalists, emphasizing Izutsu. Qom: University of Religions and Schools; 2015.
  23. Ṭabāṭabāeī S. MH. Al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʼan. Tran: M. Baqer Mousavi. Qom: Islamic Publications Office; 1995.
  24. Ṭabrisī FbḤ. The Commentary of Jawāmi' al-Jāmi'. Trans. Mashhad: Astan-e Qods Radawi; 1996.
  25. Ṭabrisī FbḤ. Majmaʻ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’an. Trans. Tehran: Farahani; nd.
  26. Turayhī FM. Majma' al-Baḥrayn. Tehran: Murtadawi; 1996.
  27. Ṭayyib 'AH. Aṭyab al-Bayān fi Tafsīr al-Qur’an. 2nd p. Tehran: Islām; 1990.
  28. ‘Abdul Bāghī MF. Al-Mu'jam al-Mufahras li 'Alfāẓ al-Qur’an al-Karīm. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Miṣrīyyah; 1985.
  29. Bint al-Shāṭī ‘A. Speech Miracles of the Qur’an with Masā’il Ibn 'Azraq. Trans: Saberi H. 3rd p. Tehran: Elmi Farhangi; 2012.
  30. Askari HbA., Al-Furūq fi al-Lugha. Beirut: Dar al-Afāq al-Jadīda; 1400 AH.
  31. Azimah S. Semantics of Qur’anic Words (Glossary of Qur’anic Terms). Trans: Seyedi SH. Mashhad: Astan-e Quds Radawi; 2002.
  32. Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī MbʻU. Mafātīh al-Ghayb. 3rd p. Beirut: Dār ʼIḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī; 1420 Ah.
  33. Farāhīdī KhbA. Kitāb al-ʻAyn. 2nd p. Qom: Hijrat Publication; 1409 AH.
  34. Fīrūzābādī MBY. Al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah; 1415 AH.
  35. Qaraati M. The Commentary of Noor. Tehran: Cultural Center of Teachings from the Qur’an; 2009.
  36. Qorashī SAA. Tafsīr Aḥsan al-Ḥadīth. Tehran: Bi'that Foundation; 1996.
  37. Qorashī SAA. Qamoos-e Qur’an. 6th p. Tehran: dar al-Kutub al-Islamiya; 1412 AH.
  38. Ghanbari B. Semantics as a Method. Tehran: NowShenakht Publications; 2016.
  39. Mustafawī. H. Al-Tahqīq fī Kalamāt al-Qurʼan al-Karīm. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah; 1430 Ah.
  40. Mughniyah MJ. Al-Tafsīr al-Kāshif. Qom: Boostan Ketab; 1999.
  41. Makarem Shirazi N. et all. The Commentary of Nemooneh. 10th p. Iran: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmīyah; 1992.
  42. Musa HY. Al-'Ifsāḥ fī Fiqh al-Lugha. 4th p. Maktabat al-‘A'lām al-Islami; 1410 AH.
  43. Mohtadi H. Study of lexical Indications of the the Word "Poor" in Nahj al-Balagha and Its Synonyms Based on Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Relationships. Researches of Nahj al-Balagha 2017; 16 (54): 112-89.
  44. Mirlovhi S. A. Synonymy in the holy Qur’an. Qom: Research Center of Islamic Sciences and Culture; 2013.
  45. Meybudī RABA. The Summary of Kashf al-ʼAsrār wa ʻUddat al-ʼAbrār. Tehran: Eqbal; 1973.
  46. Zubaydī MM. Tāj al-ʻArūs. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr; 1414 AH.
  47. Hashemi Rafsanjani AA. The Commentary of Rahnama. Qom: Boostan Ketab; 2007.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 June 2019
  • Revise Date: 21 June 2020
  • Accept Date: 09 December 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics