Ways to Recognize the Religious Sect of Unknown or Incognito Narrators through Textual Analysis

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor of Quran and Hadith Studies, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Quran and Hadith Studies, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran.

3 PhD graduated in the sciences of Quran and Hadith, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran

Abstract

Among the ways to verify the authenticity of hadiths attributed to Imams (AS) is evaluating their sanads (chain of transmitters). At this stage, ridjāl scholars sometimes could not recognize a narrator’s religious sect and thus have called him/her majhūl (unknown) or muhmal (incognito). Knowing the beliefs of such narrators, in addition to validating the sanad, has a great impact on the use of their narrations by jurists, theologians, commentators, historians, etc. The present study, which is done by the descriptive-analytical method based on library sources, has examined those narrations that the rijāl scholars have called some of their transmitters unknown or incognito. It seeks to recognize the sect of such narrators through their sayings. It tries to achieve their sect by analyzing their narrations. In conclusion, some criteria can be useful to recognize them, including: “the method of citing the Imam (as) in narrating”, “reflection on the beliefs of the narrator in narrating”, “the orientation of the narrator in narrating”, “paying attention to the method  of Questioning the Imam”, “comparing the content of the narration with the jurisprudential ruling or Shiite theological teachings”, “comparing the Imam’s answer to the question of the unknown or incognito narrator with the known one”, and “the method of narrator in mentioning the Imam”.

Highlights

نتایج تحقیق

به تصریح اندیشمندان حدیثپژوه و علمای رجال، تلاش برای دستیابی به مذهب راوی مجهول یا مهمل با تکیه بر قرائن و امارهها، در موارد متعددی امری مطلوب و نتیجه‌بخش تلقی میشود. کوششهایی از این دست، بدان جهت که در راستای وثاقت‌سنجی راویان مجهول و مهمل و نیز اعتبارسنجی اَسناد روایات صورت میگیرد، بسی ارزشمند است. رسالت این اثر، استخراج شیوههای استنباط مذهب راوی بر پایه تحلیل متن روایات منقول از راویان مجهول یا مهمل با هدف روشمند ساختن و تعمیم چنین شیوههایی انجام شد که برخی از این ملاکها نظیر «تأمل در مبانی اعتقادی راوی در نقل روایت»، «جهتگیری راوی در نقل روایت»، «توجه به شیوه پرسشگری راوی»، «شیوه یادکرد از امام معصوم (ع)» و «مقایسه مضمون روایت با حکم فقهی یا آموزه‌های اعتقادی شیعه» ناظر به راوی و معیارهای «شیوه اِسناد دهی امام (ع) در نقل روایت» و «مقایسه پاسخ امام (ع) به سؤال راوی مجهول یا مهمل با راوی معلوم الحال» ناظر به امام معصوم (ع) میباشد.

Keywords

Main Subjects

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History

  • Receive Date: 20 January 2021
  • Revise Date: 16 June 2021
  • Accept Date: 17 July 2021

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