Investigating the Challenges of question design (Istintaq) and solutions to complete it based on thematic interpretations of the Qur'an

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Research assistant professor of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Golestan, Iran.

Abstract

Thematic interpretation, as a solution proposed by Martyr Sadr for active confrontation with the Qur'an and discovering its theory on various topics and issues, has different levels, the main focus of which is question design (Istintaq). Despite the widespread acceptance of this approach by contemporary Qur'anic scholars and the production of many works with an interpretive approach, some shortcomings in it call into question the " Qur'anic nature of the researcher's efforts result." Despite the efforts of some experts to refine and complete this approach, due to the lack of focus on the focal points in the challenges of thematic interpretation, This article uses the methods of description, analysis and inference to the critical readings of the process of question design, and the proposed strategies for the fulfilment of Qur'anic theorizing have not been entirely successful. Passivity in the face of the issue and problem, lack of a comprehensive plan to refer to the whole Qur'an and failure to explain the position of Ahl al-Bayt in understanding the Qur'an are the three critical harms. There are three ways to eliminate these harms. First, before entering into interpretation, should present the paradigm of subject and issue to the Qur'an. Then, we should do the broad Quranic finding implication by reviewing all the Qur'an verses. Finally, for initial understanding of the verses and completing and developing the concepts resulting from the Qur'anic study and recognizing the relevant practical dimensions, refer to the narrations.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. The Holy Qur’an.

    Nahj al-Balagha.

    1. Akbari, Reza; Shirzad, Mohammad Hassan; Shirzad, Mohammad Hossein (2013), “Rereading the theory of Martyr Sadr in the thematic interpretation of the Qur’an based on Gadamer’s hermeneutic thought,” Studies of the Qur’an and Hadith, 15: pp. 37-61.
    2. Ayazi, Seyyed Mohammad Ali (2013), “Thematic interpretation from the point of view of Martyr Sadr,” Payam-e Javidan 2: pp. 35-48.
    3. Izadi, Mehdi and Akhavan, Zohreh (2013), “The necessity, nature and method of istintāq from the perspective of Ahl al-Bayt (AS)’ traditions,” Bi-Quarterly Journal of Qur'an and Hadith Studies, 12: pp. 103-126.
    4. Ashouri, Dariush (1978), Definitions and Concept of Culture, Tehran: Asian Cultural Documents Center.
    5. Baqeri, Khosrow (2008), Identity of Religious Science, second edition, Tehran: Printing and Publishing Organization of Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
    6. Basij, Ahmadreza (2016), “Islamic culture in contrast with cultural relativism,” Studies of Soft Power, 14: 27-7.
    7. Bahmani, Saeed (2018), Qur’an-based Theorizing: Approaches to the Development of the Qur’an-based Theorizing Method of Seyyed Mohammad Baqer Sadr,” Qom: Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture.
    8. Bahmani, Saeed (2019), “A critical reading of istintāq and its application in the theory of Martyr Sadr,” Qur’anic Research Quarterly, 95: 29-48.
    9. Bates, Daniel (1998), Cultural Anthropology, Persian Translation: Mohsen Thalathi, 6th edition, Tehran: Scientific Publications.
    10. Bidi, Reza; Morovati, Sohrab; Mohammadi Chaboki, Reza (2020), “Problem-based understanding of the Qur’an, based on the realist constructivist approach,” Journal Qur’an and Hadith Sciences Research, 45: 31-62.
    11. Jafari, Mohammad Taqi (2000), Following Culture, Pioneering Culture, Tehran: Institute of Compilation and Publication of Works of Allameh Jafari.
    12. Jalili, Seyyed Hedayat (1993), “Critique of the weight of evidence against the thematic interpretation,” Misbah Quarterly (Humanities of Imam Hossein University), 8: 87-100.
    13. Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2000), Tasnim Commentary, Researched by Ali Eslami, Second Edition, Qom: Isra.
    14. Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2006), Guidance in the Qur'an (thematic interpretation: first volume), Researched by Ali Abbasian, Second Edition, Qom: Isra.
    15. Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2007), Tawheed in the Qur'an (thematic commentary: second volume), Compiled by Heydar Ali Ayoubi, third edition, Qom: Isra.
    16. Hasanbeigi, Ebrahim (2011), “Studying the factors affecting cultural security in the Islamic Republic of Iran,” Strategy Quarterly, 58: pp. 335-366.
    17. Hakim, Sayed Mohammad Baqer (2008), Human society from the perspective of the Holy Qur’an, Persian Translation: Musa Danesh, Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi.
    18. Sarvari-Majd, Ali (2012), “Dimensions of culture in the Qur’anic ideal society,” Culture-Communication Studies Quarterly, 18: pp. 111-83.
    19. Sadr, Sayed Mohammad Baqer (1403 AH), Al-Islam Yaqūd al-Hayāt, Second Edition, Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
    20. Sadr, Sayed Muhammad Baqir (1409 AH), Al-Madrasat al-Qur’ānīyah: Al-Tafsīr al-Mawdū’ī lil-Qur’an al-Karīm, Beirut: Center for Research and Specialized Studies of Martyr al-Sadr.
    21. Sadr, Sayed Mohammad Baqer (1421 AH), Durūsun fī ‘Ilm al-'Usūl, Beirut: Center for Research and Specialized Studies of Martyr al-Sadr.
    22. Safrah, Hossein; Pahalvan, Mansour; Ma'aref, Majid (2010), “Istintāq in the Qur’an,” Studies of the Qur’an and Hadith, 43(1): pp. 139-163.
    23. Tabataba’i Sayed Muhammad Hossein (1417 AH), Al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qur'an, Beirut: Al-'A'lamī Institute.
    24. Ayāshī, Mohammad bin Mas'ūd (2001), Al-Tafsīr, Researched by Sayed Hashem Rasouli Mahalati, Tehran: Scientific Printing House.
    25. Gholami, Leila and Alavi-Mehr, Hossein (2011), "The identity of thematic interpretation and its difference with the Qur’an-by-Qur’an interpretation,” Tafsir Studies Quarterly, 8: pp. 85-100.
    26. Farhadi Mahali, Ali (2011), “Analytical study of the globalization phenomenon, focusing on the field of culture,” Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies of Public Policy, 5: 63-96.
    27. Qasempour, Mohsen and Salmannejad, Morteza (2010), “Validation and methodology of the first mustadark of Nahj al-Balagha,” Hadith Research, 12: pp. 65-94.
    28. Qara’i Soltanabadi, Ahmed (2015), “Understanding the Qur'an in the light of its network-based or extra-linear order,” Bi-Quarterly Journal of Linguistic Research of the Qur'an, 7: 41-60.
    29. Karimi, Mostafa (2010), “Nature of thematic interpretation,” Qur’an Knowledge, 6: pp.105-130.
    30. Karimi, Mostafa (2019), “The process of Qur’anic theorizing in the field of thematic interpretation,” Studies of Qur’an and Hadith, 6: 105-130.
    31. ​​Kulainī, Muhammad bin Yaqūb (1407 AH.), Al-Kāfī, Edited by Ghaffari and Akhundi, 4th edition, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah.
    32. Lesani Fasharaki, Mohammad Ali and Moradi Zanjani, Hossein (2010), Thematic Research Method in the Holy Qur’an, Third Edition, Zanjan: Islamic Azad University of Zanjan.
    33. Mazbouhi, Saeed and Maleki, Hassan (2012), “The desirable model of student culture in the Qur’an,” Culture in Islamic University, 2: pp. 149-168.
    34. Mazinani, Abolfazl; Alizadeh, Ali; Azad, Alireza (2018), “Thematic discourse analysis: a synthesis of discourse-historical approach and thematic commentary of the Holy Qur’an,” Bimonthly Journal of Linguistic Studies, 45: pp. 1-33.
    35. Mirsondosi, Seyed Mohsen (2020), “Factors affecting cultural norming from the perspective of the Holy Qur’an,” Qur’anic Teachings, 32: pp. 95-118.
    36. Nafisi, Shadi (2005), Allameh Tabataba’i and Hadith (methodology of criticism and understanding of Hadith from the perspective of Allameh Tabataba’i in Al-Mizan), Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company.
    37. Yasaghi, Ali Asghar and Ayazi, Seyyed Mohammad Ali (2010), “Analysis of the foundations and approach of Martyr Sadr to thematic interpretation,” Jurisprudence and History of Civilization, 25: pp. 196-217.